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by Björn Hofmeister (Author)
Björn Hofmeister's biography of Heinrich Cla is devoted to one of the most influential representatives of the "national opposition" that shaped extra-parliamentary politics of the nationalist Right between Imperial Germany and the Third Reich. Cla , who chaired the Pan-German League between 1908 and 1939, was a lawyer by profession and became active in the antisemitic and völkisch movement around the turn of the century. Cla was demanding the implementation of völkisch dictatorship long before World War I, which he understood to be the foundation of cultural, ethnic, and political renewal of German society. His demands for territorial expansion of the German Empire that would match the ethnic distribution of "Germanness" in Central Europe as well as imperial interests as a great power made him the spokesman of Germany s radical war aims movement between 1914 and 1918.
Following the downfall of Imperial Germany as a result of revolution and democratization he remained a major player in the networks of the Weimar Republic's radical Right. In a long-running campaign, he helped to get his friend, chairman of the German National People's Party (DNVP) and founding member of the Pan-German League, Alfred Hugenberg, appointed as chairman of the DNVP in 1928. Following Hugenberg's takeover of what was Germany's largest conservative party at the time, Cla turned the Pan-German League into a propaganda agency promoting Hugenberg as a candidate for the office of Reich Chancellor and, subsequently, as the head of a future bourgeois dictatorship cabinet.
The DNVP's following cooperation with the Nazis, however, shifted the power balance within the radical Right in times of massive political change and, in January 1933, ultimately led to an alliance between the German Nationals and the Nazis in the formation of the Hitler cabinet, which enforced competition and rivalry with the notables of the radical Right, but also implemented major political, antisemitic and racist points that Cla had been demanding for decades.
For the first time, Björn Hofmeister explains Cla 's role within the radical Right from Imperial to Nazi Germany in full detail, embedding his biography within the context of his social background, ideological socialization, academic training, professional practice, and legal thought, all of which shaped his political concepts of a radical bourgeois dictatorship government.
Author Biography
Björn Hofmeister, Friedrich Meinecke Institut at Free Unviersity Berlin, Germany.
