Additional information
by Ashwini Kumar Aggarwal (Author), Sadhvi Hemswaroopa (Editor)
Sanskrit is coming of Age. More and more Colleges and Universities are offering a degree course in this lingua franca of yore. Many schools across Europe and America are introducing Sanskrit to young learners. In India too there is a revival across the length and breadth, with committed organizations working to reach out to adults and children all over.
To understand Sanskrit Grammar, the basic stuff is all about knowing the correct spelling of NOUNS and VERBS. This edition gives the process whereby Primary Ting Affixes get Modified to the Secondary Ting Affixes for the eleven Tenses and Moods.
3x3 person and number Parasmaipada and Atmanepada Ting Affix Tables are listed for:
Sarvadhatuka Tenses and Moods
1 लट् Present Tense
2 लङ् Imperfect Past Tense - before from yesterday onwards
3 लोट् Imperative Mood - request
4 विधि-लिङ् Potential Mood - order विधिलिङ् (also known as Optative Mood)
11a लेट् Vedic usage Potential Mood - order
Ardhadhatuka Tenses and Moods
5 लृट् Simple Future Tense - now onwards
6 लृङ् Conditional Mood - if/then in past or future
7 लुट् Periphrastic Future Tense - tomorrow onwards
8 आशीर्-लिङ् Benedictive Mood - blessing आशीर्लिङ् (also used in the sense of a curse)
9 लिट् Perfect Past Tense - distant unseen past
10 लुङ् Aorist Past Tense, before from now onwards
11b लेट् Vedic usage Potential Mood - order
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Primary तिङ् Affixes
Parasmaipada
तिप् तस् झि
सिप् थस् थ
मिप् वस् मस्
Atmanepada
त आताम् झ
थास् आथाम् ध्वम्
इट् वहि महिङ्
Present Tense लट् LAṭ
Regular Gana लट् तिङ् Affixes for Dhatus 1c, 4c, 6c, 10c
Parasmaipada
ति तः अन्ति
सि थः थ
मि वः मः
Atmanepada
ते इते अन्ते
से इथे ध्वे
ए वहे महे
Irregular Gana लट् Affixes (Dhatus 2c, 5c, 7c, 8c, 9c)
Parasmaipada
ति तः अन्ति
सि थः थ
मि वः मः
Atmanepada
ते आते अते
से आथे ध्वे
ए वहे महे
Reduplicated Gana लट् Affixes (Dhatus 3c) and 7 Roots of 2c
Parasmaipada
ति तः अति
सि थः थ
मि वः मः
Atmanepada
ते आते अते
से आथे ध्वे
ए वहे महे
It also lists the Ashtadhyayi of Panini Sutras to see what changes are involved to make the final affix.
Well chosen Examples of selected Roots are given in all the 10+1 Lakaras, in Active Voice.
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An invaluable book to see and derive correct spellings of Sanskrit Verbs in all 11 Tenses and Moods.
